Iranian Society of Mechanical EngineeringIranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of the ISME1605-972723220220901Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure around a Pitching Airfoil by Mean and Instantaneous Data53225326010.30506/jmee.2022.550895.1286ENE. KouhiPh.D. Candidate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, IranA. Bak KhoshnevisCorresponding Author, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, IranJournal Article20220322<em>This paper focuses on a selected set of results from extensive experimental tests to characterize the wake aerodynamics of an SD7062 wind turbine airfoil in steady-state and pitch oscillating motion. Investigating the wake of an airfoil provides outstanding information on physical aspects of the downstream. Wake measurements were accomplished through hot-wire anemometers in the Laboratory of Aerodynamics at the Hakim Sabzevari University. The impact of AoA and Reynolds number were both examined in the steady-state. Regarding the pitching airfoil motion, the effect of reduced frequency, Reynolds number, symmetric, and asymmetric oscillation were also investigated. The results revealed that in both the pitching and the steady-state cases, strength of the vortices is highly related to the airfoil shape, amplitude, and Reynolds number. In respect of pitching state, the TI value is decreased as the Reynolds number increases, while it grows up with increasing the reduced frequency. Besides, TI in asymmetry oscillation is significantly higher than in symmetric oscillation, which is probably due to the formation of larger vortices. For steady-state, the instantaneous TI and velocity are almost the same as their mean values. Hence, statistical data could be used to calculate aerodynamic forces on a static airfoil. It is necessary to meticulously consider the effect of mean and instantaneous forces in the pitching state, as the forces acting on the pitching airfoil could reach several times its average state in some moments during its impact. As a result, the importance of these instantaneous loads is required to be considered enabling us to select the proper material for the airfoil.</em>https://jmee.isme.ir/article_253260_8cbe94cbdc3a73999ee261a985e9ce0e.pdfIranian Society of Mechanical EngineeringIranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of the ISME1605-972723220220901Ionic Channel Blockage Effect on the Electromechanical Model of Human Gastric Wall Smooth Muscle Cells334725513110.30506/jmee.2022.540832.1275ENH. TaghadosiPh.D., Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, h.taghadosi@srbiau.ac.irF. Tabatabai GhomshehCorresponding Author, Professor, Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, fa.tabatabai@uswr.ac.irN. Jafarnia DabanlooAssociate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, jafarnia@srbiau.ac.irA. FarajidavarAssociate Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York, USA, afarajid@nyit.eduJournal Article20211013<em>In this paper, a three-dimensional electromechanical model is presented to investigate the effect of calcium and potassium ionic channels on the contractile behavior of human gastric wall smooth muscle cells with the finite element approach. In this model, simultaneous electrical and mechanical interactions of 240-cells and 548-links were considered. Electrophysiological interactions of cells through ion channels with the extrascellular environment and gap junctions with adjacent cells lead to the production and propagation of slow waves in smooth muscle. This wave causes contraction and peristaltic movements in the muscles of the gastric wall. By blocking calcium and potassium ionic channels by pharmacological agents can be improved disorders caused by these movements and contractions and brought them closer to the physiological state.</em>https://jmee.isme.ir/article_255131_601c509d6735399cdbd215df1fe70374.pdfIranian Society of Mechanical EngineeringIranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of the ISME1605-972723220220901Effect of Selecting the Suitable Design on Production Costs of Pressure Vessels486225513210.30506/jmee.2022.547225.1280ENH. MoeeniPh.D. Candidate, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, st_h_moeeni@azad.ac.ir, ORCID: 0000-0002-3002-5378.0000-0002-3002-5378M. JavadiCorresponding Author, Associated Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, mjavadi@azad.ac.ir, ORCID: 0000-0001-6328-1063.0000-0001-6328-1063S. RaissiProfessor, Department of Industrial Engineering, Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran, raissi@azad.ac.ir, ORCID: 0000-0002-4939-1335.0000-0002-4939-1335Journal Article20220120<em>In addition to standard design and production, its economics is also vital. Design and production organizations must pay special attention to the design process's cost category, selecting materials and determining production methods continually. Flexibility, access to data and information from multiple materials and the possibility of examining production methods based on the material and dimensions designed are the features of this research's results. Identifying and selecting suitable and accessible materials can be helpful in design dimensions using pressure vessel design formulas. The design and its outputs can significantly affect the weight and price of materials, production method and cost. The actual design, effects of permitted structures on material and production cost and the final total cost of a pressure vessel have been studied. The total cost values were compared and validated with target values compared with past research results. This </em>method<em> can be used as a general cost-based method for selecting suitable designs to identify and produce other products considering strengths, reliability and safety factors. </em>https://jmee.isme.ir/article_255132_f103b75adc8a45815cf415984d19f481.pdfIranian Society of Mechanical EngineeringIranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of the ISME1605-972723220220901Numerical Study of Flow Field in New Design Cyclones with Different Vortex Finder Shapes637969690610.30506/jmee.2022.550101.1284ENH. SafikhaniAssociate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-88349, Iran, h-safikhani@araku.ac.irM. ModabberifarCorresponding Author, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak 38156-88349, Iran, m-modabberifar@araku.ac.irH. NazaripoorPh.D., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada, hadi@ualberta.caJournal Article20220306<em>In this paper, the effect of vortex finder shape on the performance and flow field of the new design cyclones is numerically investigated using CFD techniques. Nine different geometries of vortex finder are studied in three categories each with three geometries. In the first category, the effect of vortex finder flattening is investigated. In the second category, vortex finders with three different cross section geometries circular, square and triangular are investigated. Finally, in the third category, circular vortex finders with three different diameters are modeled. The new design cyclone is based on the idea of improving cyclone collection efficiency and pressure drop by increasing the vortex length. The Eulerian-Lagrangian computational procedure is used to predict particles tracking in the cyclones. The velocity fluctuations are simulated using the Discrete Random Walk (DRW). The results show that in the flat category, vortex finder without flattening (circular cross section) possess the maximum efficiency and the lowest pressure drop and with flattening, the cyclone efficiency dramatically decreases while pressure drop remarkably increases. Among the vortex finder with different cross section, maximum efficiency is associated to the circular vortex finder while the lowest pressure drop is assigned to the triangle one. </em>https://jmee.isme.ir/article_696906_d1594fbdecfc6ea7f38750bede9a1d38.pdfIranian Society of Mechanical EngineeringIranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of the ISME1605-972723220220901A New Modified Harmony Search Optimization Algorithm for Evaluating Airfoil Shape Parameterization Methods and Aerodynamic Optimization8010425511910.30506/jmee.2022.556939.1295ENF. JaliliM.Sc. Student, University of Birjand, Birjand, South Khorasan, 9718776391, IranS. M. MalekJafarianCorresponding Author, Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, South Khorasan, 97175/615, Iran, mmjafarian@birjand.ac.irA. SafavinejadAssociate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, South Khorasan, 97175/615, IranH. MasoumiM.Sc. Student, University of Birjand, Birjand, South Khorasan, 9718776391, IranJournal Article20220630<em>In this work, a modification has been made to increase the efficiency and convergence of the harmony search algorithm. Then, the capability of this amendment was investigated by applying it to the following aerodynamic problems for the first time. First, the methods of airfoil shape parametrization (Bezier curves, Parsec method, and NACA 4-digit airfoil) were investigated using an inverse optimization design by the present modified harmony search optimization algorithm. Then, inverse and direct optimization of an airfoil were carried out by the modified algorithm. Aerodynamic analysis of the problem was obtained using compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations along with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. Results showed that the Bezier curves and the Parsec method have higher flexibility than the NACA 4-digit airfoil. The Parsec method was introduced as the best approach, because of fewer control parameters. The inverse optimization results showed that the present airfoil shape optimization set can obtain the target shape with high accuracy. The Direct optimization with a maximum lift to drag ratio target function revealed that the shock waves significantly weaken at the optimum airfoil. Generally, the results obtained verify that using the modified harmony search algorithm together with the Parsec method provides a powerful tool for direct and inverse aerodynamic optimization.</em>https://jmee.isme.ir/article_255119_237c6c239f54853bbd8f1eaa16e556b9.pdfIranian Society of Mechanical EngineeringIranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of the ISME1605-972723220220901Stability analysis of an axially moving thin wall conical shells made of shape memory alloy10512825384310.30506/jmee.2022.543599.1278ENH. VahidiPh.D. Candidate, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8169-7337M. ShahgholiCorresponding Author, Associate Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1134-068XA. Rahmani HanzakiAssociate Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2895-7176A. MohamadiPh.D., Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8901-0595Journal Article20211124<em>The current paper presents the free vibration characteristic of axially moving conical shells made of shape memory alloy based on </em><em>Donnell’s shell theory. The material behavior is simulated based on the Boyd-Lagoudas model. By applying the suitable airy function, the strain compatibility equation, and the Galerkin method, two sets of equations of motion are obtained. The compatibility equation is solved by using the steady-state form of equations and employing the suitable flexural mode shape concerning radial displacement. The effects of moving in the axial direction and using the SMA are investigated with the aid of the frequency responses curves. The phase transformation would decrease the quantity of the critical velocity. The results have been evaluated by means of the available data.</em>https://jmee.isme.ir/article_253843_14e0d1182fbb57b9626f694f660693dd.pdfIranian Society of Mechanical EngineeringIranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of the ISME1605-972723220220901Theoretical Study of Effective Parameters in the Friction Reduction by Ultrasonic Vibrations in Solid Surfaces12914469696510.30506/jmee.2022.552079.1288ENA. Fattahi AvatiM.Sc. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranM.R. KarafiCorresponding Author, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-2459-7169Journal Article20220417<em>Ultrasonic vibrations are used in many fields to reduce friction forces. In this paper, the reasons for reducing friction in solid surfaces are investigated using the friction model of Dahl and the elastic-plastic contact model. Based on the theoretical model, four parameters: relative velocity, contact surface, the distance between surfaces, and Young modulus, are effective in the frictional force reduction. This study is validated using experimental tests. The results showed that the effects of oscillations of the relative velocity and changes of contact surfaces on the friction reduction are 51% and 12%, respectively. The minimum effect, among the factors, was related to the Young modulus with a value of 1%. The reason for the force reduction is the nonlinear behavior of the contact surface, contact stiffness, and the friction force functions. Moreover, fluctuations in their input parameters cause an asymmetric oscillation in the value of those functions. This feature changes these functions’ average value and reduces the friction forces.</em>https://jmee.isme.ir/article_696965_29a75f8a316624c98bc1b31ba8716a74.pdf