[1] Aktarer, S. M., Sekban, D. M., Saray, O., and Kucukomero, T., “Effect of Two-pass Friction Stir Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-cast Binary Al–12Si Alloy”, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 636, pp. 311-319, (2015).
[2] Anon, A., “Measure of Fracture Toughness E813-89”, 1st Edition, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, New York, pp. 241, (1991).
[3] Beak, J. H., Kim, Y. P., Kim, C. M., and Seo, W. S., “Effect of Pre-strain on the Mechanical Properties of API X65 Pipe”, Material and Science, Vol. 30, pp. 1473-1479, (2010).
[4] Miehe, C., “Phase Field Modeling of Fracture in Multi-physics Problems”, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 42, pp. 163-172, (2014).
[5] Cui, L., “Friction Stir Welding of a High Carbon Steel”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 56, pp. 637-638, (2007).
[6] Mishra, R. S., Mahoney, M. W., McFadden, S. X., Mara, N. A., and Mukherjee, A. K., “High Strain Rate Superplasticity in a Friction Stir Processed 7075 Al Alloy”, Scripta Materialia., Vol. 42, pp. 163–168, (2000).
[7] Mishra, R. S., and Mahoney, M. W., “Low Temperature Superplasticity in a Friction-stir-processed Ultrafine Grained Al–Zn–Mg–Sc Alloy”, Materials Science Forum, Vols. 357–359, pp. 507–12, (2001).
[8] Ma, Z. Y., Mishra, R. S., and Mahoney, M. W., “Effect of Friction Stir Processing on the Kinetics of Superplastic Deformation in an Al-Mg-Zr Alloy”, Acta Materialia, Vol. 50, pp. 4419–4430, (2002).
[9] Mishra, R. S., Ma, Z. Y., and Charit, I., “High Strain Rate Superplasticity in a Commercial 2024 Al Alloy via Friction Stir Processing”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. A341, pp. 307–310, (2002).
[10] Berbon, P. B., Bingel, W. H., Mishra, R. S., Bampton, C. C., and Mahoney, M. W., “Surface Hardening of Two Cast Irons by Friction Stir Processing”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 44, pp. 61–66, (2001).
[11] Spowart, J. E., Ma, Z. Y., and Mishra, R. S., “Superplastic Deformation Behaviour of Friction Stir Processed 7075Al Alloy”, Friction Stir Welding and Processing II, Vol. 12, pp. 243–252, (2003).
[12] Ma, Z. Y., Sharma, S. R., Mishra, R. S., and Mahoney, M. W., “High Strain Rate Superplasticity in a Friction Stir Processed 7075 Al Alloy”, Materials Science Forum, Vol. 426-432, pp. 2891–2896, (2003).
[13] Lee, C. J., Huang, J. C., and Hsieh, P. J., “Mg Based Nano-composites Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 54, pp. 1415–1420, (2006).
[14] Morisada, Y., Fujii, H., Nagaoka, T., and Fukusumi, M., “Microstructural Investigation of Friction Stir Welded 7050-T651 Aluminium”, Materials Science Engineering A, Vol. A419, pp. 344–348, (2006).
[15] Morisada, Y., Fujii, H., Nagaoka, T., and Fukusumi, M., “Effect of Friction Stir Processing with SiC Particles on Microstructure and Hardness of AZ31”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. A433, pp. 50–54, (2006).
[16] Dixit, M., Newkirk, J. W., and Mishra, R. S., “Properties of Friction Stir-processed Al 1100–NiTi Composite”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 56, pp. 541–544, (2007).
[17] Sharma, S. R., Ma, Z. Y., Mishra, R. S., and Mahoney, M. W., “Microstructural Modification of As-cast Al-Si-Mg Alloy by Friction Stir Processing”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 51, pp. 237–241, (2004).
[18] Ma, Z. Y., Sharma, S. R., Mishra, R. S., and Mahoney, M. W., “Friction Stir Processing of SSM356 Aluminium Alloy”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 37A, pp. 3323–3336, (2006).
[19] Ma, Z. Y., Sharma, S. R., and Mishra, R. S., “Effect of Friction Stir Processing on Fatigue Behavior of A356 Alloy”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 54, pp. 1623–1626, (2006).
[20] Oh-ishi, K., and McNelley, T. R., “Effect of Friction Stir Processing Procedures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Zn Casting”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, Vol. 35A, pp. 2951–2961, (2004).
[21] Feng, A. H., and Ma, Z. Y., “Inhomogeneous Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed As-cast NiAl Bronze”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 56, pp. 397–400, (2007).
[22] Hsu, C. J., Kao, P. W., and Ho, N. J., “Particle-reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Produced from Powder Mixtures Via Friction Stir Processing”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 53, pp. 341–345, (2005).
[23] Chuang, C. H., Huang, J. C., and Hsieh, P. J., “Using Friction Stir Processing to Fabricate MgAlZn Intermetallic Alloys”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 53, pp. 1455–1460, (2005).
[24] Hsu, C. J., Chang, C. Y., Kao, P. W., Ho, N. J., and Chang, C. P., “Al–Al3Ti Nanocomposites Produced in Situ by Friction Stir Processing”, Acta Materialia, Vol. 54, pp. 5241–5249, (2006).
[25] Daghyani, H., and Khodayee, F., “Introductry to Fracture Mechanics of Materials”, M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, (1379).
[26] Hashemi, S. H., Rezaei, M., and Soleimani, V., “Local Damage Modeling of Ductile Fracture in API Pipeline Steels of Grade X65 and X70”, Proceeding of ISME2011, Vol. 2, pp. 44-52, (2011).
[27] Hulka, K., “High Strength Large Diameter Pipe”, Plahttp://www.us.cbmm,com.br/ english/sources/techlib/info. [Online], (2006).
[28] Hütter, G., Mühlich, U., and Kuna, M., “Simulation of Local Instabilities During Crack Propagation in the Ductile–brittle Transition Region”, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 23, pp. 141-156, (2014).
[29] Hyunmin, K., Minju, K., Hyeok, J. J., and Hyoung, S., “Mechanisms of Toughness Improvement in Charpy Impact and Fracture Toughness Tests of Non-heat-treating Cold-drawn Steel Bar”, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 571, pp. 38-48, (2013).
[30] Landes, J. D., and Begley, J. A., “The Effect of Specimen Geometry on JIC”, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM STP 514), Vol. 10, pp. 24-29, (1972).
[31] Marandet, B., and Sanz, G., “Evaluation of the Toughness of Thick Medium-strength Steels by using Linear-elastic Fracture Mechanics and Correlations Between KIc and Charpy V-notch”, Flaw Growth and Fracture (ASTM STP 631), Vol. 10, pp. 121-132, (1977).
[32] Pense, A. W., and Stout, R. D., “Fracture Toughness and Related Characteristics of the Steels”, 4th Edition, WRC Bulletin, New York, (1975).
[33] Rezayi-Yekta, M., “Computer Simulation of Grooved Sample from API X65 Steel with Gerson Model”, MSc. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran, (1389).
[34] Rothwell, A. B., “Fracture Propagation Control for Gas Pipelines”, Past, Present and Future Pipeline Technology, Vol. 1, pp. 386-397, (2000).
[35] Su, J. Q., Nelson, T. W., Mishra, R., and Mahoney, M., “Friction Stir Processing of 7075 Al Alloy and Subsequent Aging Treatment”, Acta Materials, Vol. 51, pp. 713-729, (1970).
[36] Wallin, K., “The Scatter in KIC-resu1ts”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 19, pp. 1085- 1093, (1984).
[37] Wallin, K., “The Size Effect on KIC-results”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 22, pp. 149-163, (1985).
[38] Wallin, K., and Lee, S. T., “Fracture Toughness Transition Curve Shape for Ferritic Structural Steels”, Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures, Vol. 42, pp. 83-88, (1991).
[39] Zerbst, U., Ainsworth, R. A., Beier, H. T., and Pisarsk, H., “Review on Fracture and Crack Propagation in Weldments–A Fracture Mechanics Perspective”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 132, pp. 200-276, (2014).
[40] ABAQUS Version 6.4 User’s Manual,(2005).
[41] Marsavina, M., Linul, E., Voiconi, T, and Sadowski, T. A., “Comparison Between Dynamic and Static Fracture Toughness of Polyurethane Foams”, Polymer Testing, Vol. 4, pp. 131-132, (2013).